Introduction
Main Idea: This section introduces the ongoing topic of the Last Judgment, and Biblical judgement in general.
I’ve experienced the Second Coming of Jesus, like, three times already.
Every time it happens I get this overwhelming sense of dread and then I start praying.
It has been, admittedly, a relief to wake up from each of the three dreams.1 Despite it being a dream it has felt real each time. I can recall the thoughts, decisions, deliberation, and feelings I had in each dream:
1. The heat of the light that parted the clouds.
2. The shaking decision to not let fear totally overcome me but trust that if I’m sorry Jesus will be merciful.
3. The realization that my life was over, full-stop, and nothing would ever be the same again.
I think my dreams may say more about me than they do about what’s coming soon.2
The point really could be that the end of the world causes me some consternation.
I don’t think I’m alone in the worry that the end of the world could be sooner rather than later, especially with everything going on in the world.
The World Today
Main Idea: It seems like the world is close to ending, and if that’s true then Judgment Day isn’t far off, which is possibly scarier.
Recently I saw in my daily news email that another conflict has erupted along the border of two more countries with a history of tension.
“Another one?” I asked myself.
I couldn’t help but think of Jesus’ warning about the destruction of the Temple (which is often conflated with the End-Times.)3
Every age has thought it to be the end-times, right? Surely the current state of the world isn’t it. Surely the Cold War was closer to the Apocalypse, or World War 2, or the Fall of the Roman Empire, or that one year where a volcano in Iceland covered the world in darkness for like the entire year.
Still, I worry… If we are approaching the end-time, judgment is near.
And that’s certainly one part that always worries me whenever Jesus returns in my dreams: judgment.
I am definitely attached to the things in my life (“Wait if Jesus is here does that mean I don’t have any more improv shows coming up?”) but there’s also all the “Okay… time to render a full account of my sins” and that’s not the most exciting prospect: by this time tomorrow I will be in either heaven or hell… It’s tempting to kindly request to just stay on Earth.4
Telephone
Main Idea: The message of Christianity isn’t lost in a game of Telephone over the ages, but rather the true message is said but misheard and therefore watered down to something incorrect in a lot of our own hearts. This happened to me with the Last Judgment. This section also introduces the idea that sin is the root cause of literally everything wrong in the world and everything that’s ever made you miserable.
But I wonder if I’ve been thinking about it wrong.
Most people who reject Christianity do so because they think it is the product of a game of telephone where its message and practice has been perverted after passing through so many fallible human speakers. There have been too many people in the chain to make attempting reclamation of the original message. So people say.
Rather scandalously I submit that Christianity is often lost in a game of telephone, but it’s not through the ages by its leaders and promoters, but usually by the receivers and culture to its most watered-down version until what is received is, in fact, incorrect.
For example: when I was a child I imagined an angel next to two ten commandment style stone tablets who would gleefully tally every good thing I did and mournfully tally my sins. Weigh up the good by the bad and that determines where I go. (That’s Pelagianism and it was specifically condemned by the Church I.e. that’s not how it works at all)
So what was the Apocalypse as it was telephone’d to me?
A progression of the world slowly at first and then more rapidly going literally to Hell in a hand basket: natural disasters, wars, growing tyrannical city states, the mass devotion of individuals to a charismatic anti-Christ. Then suddenly, in the sky, Jesus… and then judgment begins, and I am not as confident as others that I make the cut. Then fire wipes out the Earth. If I am in the small group that is lucky to have made it, then things will be okay because I’ll be in Heaven, but regardless there’s going to be a lot of fire and plague and war and just general awfulness ending with mass-deaths, the world being torn apart, and then the ending of everything, including the lives of everyone I love and the very Earth itself (of which I am a fan.)
So not great.
But the other day when I heard of wars and rumors of wars I couldn’t help but feel a tug in a different direction than “Judgment is coming” and that tug was towards the idea “Things will be set right.”
I used to think that wars, disasters, chaos and death were merely the signs or symptoms of the end-times, like how kidney failure, weakness of breathe, and chest pain are signs and symptoms of the end of life.
But now I wonder if all those things happen right before Jesus comes specifically because when we humans made the world the worst it could possibly be, so he will come and make things definitively right.
When Jesus comes to do away with sin and all its effects in his second coming, that’s exactly what he’d be wrapping up: the wars, the disasters, the chaos and death. He defeated sin and death in his first coming, but we humans haven’t all gotten with the program yet.
The defeat of sin doesn’t just look like burning people who break the ten commandments in hell, I think it looks like a setting right of everything sin has corrupted.
Think of this for a moment: every time you have ever felt sorrow, anger, frustration, loneliness, pain, suffering, and the thousand mini-deaths involved in being alive, that you are experiencing the consequences of sin, either yours or someone else’s.5 And that sin isn’t just consigned to social or private human actions: human programs, governments, institutions, nations: they’re all infected too. And it doesn't stop there: the world itself was cursed, put at odds against us- every sickness, every tidal wave or earthquake; every bit of it, a ripple from the break sin caused. And then there are the ways we are crafters of our own personal hells with our fears, attachments, perverted desires, and then the way we feel about all of those fears, attachments and desires. And all our life is spent in pain from what the world, its nature, and all who dwell on the earth make us suffer, and the rest of it is spent not being as good as we should be, trying to be better and failing, and consigned to thwarted happiness of which the highest good has been stated as merely the pursuit of it.
And wouldn’t it be amazing to have all of that fixed?
Old Testament Judgment
The conception of Christ’s Second Coming being a time of judgment with punitive measures being taken is not unwarranted, but it’s not the entire picture.
In fact, the Old Testament view of judgment is quite different. In the Psalms, the author is almost always desperate for judgment to be administered.
C.S. Lewis writes about this in his book Reflections on the Psalms:
It will be noticed, however, that I make the Jewish conception of a civil judgement available for my Christian profit by picturing myself as the defendant, not the plaintiff. The writers of the Psalms do not do this. They look forward to “judgement” because they think they have been wronged and hope to see their wrongs righted... Nearly always the Psalmist is the indignant plaintiff.
The anticipation of justice can rightly be approached as dread of the verdict that is to be passed, but it is just as rightly approached with the ardent desire for things to be set right.
Isn’t the idea behind social justice to make things right?
Isn’t the idea of the justice system to make things right? We can usually only be punitive, not restorative, and so justice seems to be just that: punitive; or if we can go a step further, we think of punishing the bad and rewarding the good, but have we conceptualized that perhaps it would be fixing everything?
Finally straightening out a raw deal? Finally setting right everything- every single thing- that has gone wrong, not only in our choices, weaknesses, and flaws, but in the very fabric of the world itself.
The Our Father
Jesus taught us to pray “Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done on Earth as it is in Heaven.”
As I have written before, the words of Scripture can be many different things at once. Whenever I have prayed these words- and actually prayed them, not just recited them- the meaning underneath these great and terrible words was something like
Let Jesus’ Second Coming be sooner rather than later (even though it’s not something I am the most excited for, truth be told) and let your will be done, and oh no a lot of your will, it seems, involves me having to do things I don’t want to do and stop doing things I want to do. ‘Thy will be done’ means pain for me. But let it be done: like how I don’t enjoy dieting or exercise, but do it anyway because I know it’s good for me, I wish your will done: begrudgingly, complaining, and wishing there were some other way.
What are the meanings and associations under the words of your prayers?
One day as I prayed these words and felt their meaning as I have described, I felt that those words and the meaning ruined the fine morning around me. I was on my porch and it was a summer morning redolent with light, and rich blue skies; the birds and the wind called to great adventures in green grass or on fine sand; bouncing off the city roads and whispering to me were the echoes of summers past… and it seemed like Jesus’ prayer invited me to nothing but “eating my vegetables” and “Going for a run.” I use those examples in the childish way, that is that these examples are dreaded by children who have not yet learned to enjoy their vegetables, or have not yet learned to enjoy running (some never learn either.)
But that’s not the moral of this anecdote: that in that moment the Summer’s allure and grandeur faded away but the imperative to- I don’t know- pray harder; force myself into situations with people I couldn’t stand; say “Golly gee!” and wear argyle; go to bed at 8 PM, and burn Harry Potter books would suddenly became enjoyable.
Rather, I was given the thought, what if that kingdom and that will were the very things that I knew would make me happy- not happy in I would suddenly like everything I disliked, but rather happy in that a fundamental rightness would come to reign. What if that kingdom was the very same that was already here, in pockets and city-states of fraternal charity, and needed only expansion, and those times I sojourned in them were among my happiest and most innocent.
I was reminded of The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe by C.S. Lewis when the children hear the name of the Jesus figure, Aslan the Lion, for the first time:
At the name of Aslan each one of the children felt something jump in its inside. Edmund felt a sensation of mysterious horror. Peter felt suddenly brave and adventurous. Susan felt as if some delicious smell or some delightful strain of music had just floated by her. And Lucy got the feeling you have when you wake up in the morning and realize that it is the beginning of the holidays or the beginning of summer.
That adventure, enjoyment, enticement, excitement, and more could be the words that under-girded the prayer were a revelation, for I had thought only of my moral and spiritual improvement, and not of the summer morning as the perfect symbol of what those words meant.
Many years prior to that summer morning I sat in a lecture about the prayer that Jesus taught us. The teacher unpacked it line-by-line. I had to ask: why do we ask for forgiveness after our daily bread? It seems pious, right, proper, and more to ask for forgiveness, be set right with the Lord, and then ask for provided care.
It’s a perspective carried over into my dreams and prayers, it seems: May the Defendant rise, be acquitted (hopefully) and then God will attend to the other cares. In short: God takes care of the righteous but thwarts the wicked, and I’d never been sure that I had been in the first group, and always dreaded I was in the latter.
This isn’t “Catholic Guilt” (which is an oxymoron as Catholics are the only ones who can definitively be freed from their guilt in the Sacrament of Reconciliation,) but rather the real bona fide truth that I am not so certain that I am good enough for Heaven. I am not so certain that all of my claims for justice to be done on my behalf won’t involve some type of retribution aimed at me, for I have seldom ever been cheated, thwarted, persecuted, or hurt without having played some part in bringing that upon myself. And I know with how much I struggle to even want to do good that I have not been spotless in my conduct with every person I meet. After all, when Edmund heard Aslan’s name, he felt mysterious horror.
I like to think of Summer mornings as what God’s kingdom is like; of considering his will to be the wiping away of all my tears; I like to hear of justice being the squaring of everything set right and all that causes the world pain to be done away with. I like to think that when Christ comes I have a suit that details the ways I have been wronged and he will commence to balance the scales so I am repaid for the manifold injustice committed against me. I’d like to be a prosecutor, not a defendant.
The only thing is that lingering doubt… do I belong to that group?
It is hard to maintain the conviction that I will be vindicated and not slip into the worry that I may be in trouble. C.S. Lewis in his Reflections on the Psalms suggests that this stance is wise: we shouldn’t be too certain of ourselves.
Uh-oh, the Woes are aimed to me
Main Idea: Why I get worried when I read the Bible: the descriptions of the various groups I could possibly belong to.
After all, isn’t God very very interested in our moral actions? Didn’t he himself say that the way was narrow and few find it? Read the sermon on the mount or the sermon on the plain and there are a lot of people who maybe kinda sorta should be super scared of how God thinks of their actions.
In fact, as I read the Bible, it seems all over the place that Jesus mentions two kinds of groups: the ones he blessed and the ones he punishes.
When I read…
Blessed are you who are poor,
for the kingdom of God is yours.
Blessed are you who are now hungry,
for you will be satisfied.
Blessed are you who are now weeping,
for you will laugh.
Blessed are you when people hate you,
and when they exclude and
insult you,
and denounce your name as evil
on account of the Son of Man.
Rejoice and leap for joy on that day! Behold, your reward will be great in heaven. For their ancestors treated the prophets in the same way.
But woe to you who are rich,
for you have received your
consolation.
But woe to you who are filled now,
for you will be hungry.
Woe to you who laugh now,
for you will grieve and weep.
Wow to you when all speak well
of you,
for their ancestors treated the
false prophets in this way.
…I get very, very nervous. After all, make money, eat food, laugh, and ensure people like me is 100% my to-do list everyday.
I remember the very moment I lost the belief that the Woes of the Gospel didn’t apply to me. I was a kid and heard about the camel and the eye of the needle. I thought about my family’s finances and I thought to myself, there is no way I can honestly look at my financial situation, the things I own, the life I have, and say I’m not rich. Regardless of my family’s situation, I myself had more than enough.
Coming from such a place I genuinely never really expected to be concerned about having enough money to make rent every month. I thought most of my job thoughts would be about fulfilling my unique passions and interests while not giving too much time to work in order to maximize my job as a happiness-creating engine in my life.
This year I had to use the change I set aside for my laundry in order to get $4 worth of gas to make it to work.
Not quite what I expected
This year
Main Idea: an anecdote about when I joined a new group and how my joining it brought with it the accompanying promises God made to those people.
But then, there also have been a lot of big surprises this year: I’ve never had less money.6
It was surprising to find myself in this position.
On Holy Saturday 2025 I had about $70 total.
The day before I had used leftover flower to make unleavened bread for a PB&J sandwich. Not for the holiday. Just because I needed bread and couldn’t justify spending the money when I already owned the requisite ingredients for making bread.
At the Easter Vigil mass on that Holy Saturday, I heard the reading from Isaiah 55:1…
All you who are thirsty,
come to the water!
You who have no money…
As I heard the third line, “You who have no money,” it was the first time that group ever seemed to include me. Imagine my surprise at what followed:
…come, receive grain and eat…
The word in the translation at mass that evening was not “grain.” It was “bread.”
Earlier that day I had gone to an Easter party hosted by a family from my childhood, when the mother insisted I take some food home with me. I told her what would honestly be the most helpful to me over some random leftovers would be some bread.
She gave me a pack of hamburger buns.
So let’s be clear: the very first time I felt like I truly belonged to a group mentioned in the Bible was the very same day when I was given the very thing God promised he’d give said group?
Bread.
Apparently I take God at his word about judgment a lot more than I believe him about how he likes to take care of people.
What was even more interesting: to get the bread I hadn’t done anything except lose most of my money.
The People God Cares About
Main Idea: a short list of people God said he cares about, almost none of which carry a moral element to their membership.
I found it puzzling that there wasn’t a moral element: if you are without food, Jesus identifies with you; you can be a cantankerous widow, but he just says ‘widows’ are important to him, not ‘pleasant widows’ or ‘good widows.’
Here’s a couple of people who have carte blanche favor from God based on no merit, but simply because they belong to a group:
-People who are hungry
-People who are thirsty
-People who don’t know anybody
-People who don’t have clothes on
-People who are sick
-People who are in prison (that one almost requires that you do something wrong (or, like the Psalmist, have been given a very bad deal and are the victim of a corrupt institution, hence bolding “almost”))
-People who are without parents
-People who have lost a spouse
-People who don’t have a lot of money
-People who recognize that they don’t have a lot to rely upon
-People who are mourning, crying or sad
-People who are quiet, gentle, easily imposed upon. Submissive.
-People who want things to be morally good
-People who forgive and help other people
-People who are not divided in the lusts and desires of their hearts, but rather have an inner purity
-People who are trying to stop fighting
-People who suffer, are taunted, excluded, joked about, grouped with bigots and criminals because they believe in Jesus
-People who are blind
-People who are captive
-People who are oppressed
-People who lack leaders
-People who are lowly
Hardly any of those groups have moral qualities attached to it: it either describes you or it doesn’t.
Disqualifying myself from groups
Main Idea: I often disqualify myself from groups that God favors because it would be prideful and it also doesn’t seem “religious” enough. God cares about way more than the religious dimensions of our lives.
That being said, I am often afraid to identify myself with any of these groups. After all, isn’t it prideful to consider yourself poor in spirit, or hungering for righteousness? Doesn’t the Lord oppose the prideful? So therefore wouldn’t my believing that I am in a group that God cares about actually disqualify me from God’s love and care because I would de facto be in a group that he opposes and casts down?
Chopped logic that is too often quietly under my reading of scripture.
I often discount myself from the aforementioned groups because of either the aforementioned syllogism which damns me if I do or damns me if I don’t; or, because so many of these groups aren’t… well they’re not religious enough.
How does my losing my parents gain me favor with God? How does my not having money gain me favor with God?
I feel lonely and cry about it and God cares? Rather, shouldn’t he be disciplining me for my earthly attachments to being well-liked by others (“Woe to you!”) for the sake of making me more humble, to the point that I don’t care about other’s opinion of me, or whether I’m included or not?
In fact, “Foxes have dens and birds have nests but the Son of Man has nowhere to lay his head,” so therefore wouldn’t I, in being rejected by others, merely be closer to Jesus’ experience? And therefore shouldn’t I be grateful? So why on Earth would my mourning, or sorrow, or tears, in any way be something God cares about when he is much more concerned with my moral character, and knows how my suffering is shaping said character and making me holier.
Maybe because he said he cares.
Christianity as a religion isn’t about the imposition of moral excellence upon everyone, thereby offering a rewards program of damnation for most and reward for very few. It’s a religion about a God so crazy for us that he became like us to relate to everything we experienced, to be with us in it, and to save us from all of the dysfunction sin has wrought on the world.
And here’s the crazy part we may forget as we try to ‘live in the world but not be of the world:’ God deeply cares and is intensely invested in our everyday lives, especially the “non-religious” parts of it.
Have you considered for a second that you are explicitly mentioned in the Bible? There are prophecies about you specifically, and there are promises to you specifically. Because you belong to so many groups that God says he loves and will draw to himself, and heal and save and love.
What to be saved from
Main Idea: The things I have done that I am scared of being judged for are the very same things God wants to save me from.
And have you furthermore considered that the very condition that you are afraid of having judged by God is the very condition God would like to save you from?
In simpler words: have you ever thought that the thing you’re afraid of being condemned for is the very things that Jesus wants to save you from?
In simpler words: the things that you are scared of disqualifying you from God’s love and mercy are the very things that God’s love and mercy wants to and does in fact save you from.
In simpler words: when God loves you, you can’t stop him.
Thesis
Main Idea: This is the thesis of this essay.
The question at the core of this essay and most of our lives is really: what does God care about more, my suffering or my moral excellence?
And the popular interpretation is that he cares immensely about the morality with the suffering being something we should all actually care less about because it helps the whole being moral thing (Romans 5:3-5.)
I posit that he cares desperately about our daily struggles I.e. the suffering of the world. In fact this concern for our daily sufferings is one of the main reasons he cares so much about our moral excellence.
Because moral failing (I.e. sin) is the root cause, literally, of all of said daily struggles and suffering; furthermore, he’d like us to actively stop being part of the problem and, in fact, start being a part of the solution to the means by which he will set everything right (I.e the fixing of all inter- and intra-personal discord which manifests itself in literally everything that has ever made you miserable ever, both done by you and done to you, directly and indirectly, in addition to the, seemingly, unavoidable entropy of all of the universe, which is, yes, also a result of sin.)
Conclusion
Main Idea: Recap of ideas stated earlier: the Last Judgment is a place where everything will be set right. My fear of losing Earth discounts how much of my time here needs setting right. The Summer Mornings are hints of what everything will be like all the time in the world to come. We can’t see Evil in its fullness, why would we pretend to know Goodness in its fullness? You can’t discount yourself from the groups God cares about.
So when I turn to Revelation, the source material for my dreams, and I read about the Four Horsemen let loose upon the Earth by God himself; and I read about the sky rolling up like a scroll, and the Earth shaking, and a third of humanity dying from poisoned water; or bloody hail raining down on Earth, or the seven trumpets, or seven bowls, or any of the intense, scary punishment of Earth I need to read it the correct way: that God will utterly decimate everything that will try to stand and separate me from him, even those things within myself.
While my fear of judgment is followed by my fear of losing the Earth, have I really forgotten that so much of living on the Earth, as good as it is, utterly sucks?7 And have I really forgotten all of the struggles, anxieties, injustices, and persecution that I have faced, when I’ve had a pretty good life, and think “Man, it would be a shame if all of this was set right, because it’d be different?” And have I really forgotten that all of the hints on the winds of Summer mornings are the true signs of things to come?
If we can’t even see evil clearly, and all the ways it hurts us, why on earth do we presume to see goodness clearly? Why do we presume to know exactly what’s coming to us and tremble about it?
And so when I consider the two groups of Judgment day, or when I consider the myriad of groups that exist until then, perhaps I shouldn’t be scared, but eager. Maybe I shouldn’t be afraid of pride, but boldly remind myself that I don’t earn membership, I have it completely aside from my moral accomplishments. That God cares because he cares, because that’s who he is, and his preference is for me. That’s the group I belong to, and you do as well.
Alright fine, fine I’ll tell you my dreams.
Dream 1: The Cup and the Gray Ocean
I am part of an army that’s fighting a horde of undead soldiers in a seaside city ravaged by war. The town is crumbled and gray, and the sand is gray, and the water is black and the sky is gray and the sun is gray. I fight in the surf. Suddenly on the horizon, a Lamb and I know this is Jesus. The green army of ghosts from The Lord of the Rings proceeds to decimate the undead army as the Lamb approaches. I tremble feeling judgment near but remember that trust in his mercy is all that’s required, so I begin chanting as a victory cry, “The Blood of the Lamb!” On shore the Lamb transforms into a massive eight-foot tall chalice, spilling blood out of it onto the cobblestone road. I follow it into town where the defending army that he came to the aid of gathers.
Dream 2: Strange Weather and a False Mary
I am in a hotel and looking at a weather report. The clouds have a peculiar pattern which the meteorologist says he and his friends like to call “End Time Weather” because were that to actually be what happened, it would mean the end of the world. He believes the prediction is wrong and there’s nothing to worry about. Someone asks if I’d like to meet Mary, the Mother of God. He takes me to this woman in the parking lot who has amassed a following and I am suspect it’s really her. I think it’s an impostor. At that moment I feel an intense heat as a burst of sunlight breaks through the clouds. Looking up I see flying in the sky Jesus descending from the clouds. Similar to the first dream I realize I must trust in his mercy. I kneel and pray. I get the idea to stick close to this Mary impostor, reasoning that she may not be the real Mary, but at least in pretending her prayers for me must mean something. I grab her hand and pray the Memorare.
Dream 3: The Cloud Archer and the Wounded One
I’m given the task of escorting my step-aunt to a hotel. We leave a building and it’s night time and storming. Looking up in the sky the clouds appear to be in a strange figure-like formation, like an angel or an archer, raining down arrows to Earth. I think of lines from Revelation but reason it could just be weird clouds. I say a prayer for mercy if this is the Apocalypse and then escort my step-aunt to the hotel. Upon arrival at a place that is a hotel but the lobby is my 5/6 school library, people have their phones pointed up in the sky through the window as Jesus descends. Someone asks if it’s really him. I see his wounds and confirm that it is, knowing that the devil may disguise himself as Jesus, but never a wounded Jesus. I am chosen as the one to let him in through the door and I think that this can’t be real and must be a dream. He is inside and looks cartoonish as I make myself wake-up.
As far as prophetic dreams go I’m usually going to put stock in Sirach 34:2-3 “Like one grasping at shadows or chasing the wind, so anyone who believes in dreams. What is seen in dreams is a reflection, the likeness of a face looking at itself.”
“You will hear of wars and reports of wars; see that you are not alarmed, for these things must happen, but it will not yet be the end. Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom; there will be famines and earthquakes from place to place. All these are the beginning of the labor pains” (Matthew 24:6-8.) This is about the Destruction of the Temple and not the Last Judgment, but they often get conflated (See: upcoming section of how we misunderstand Christianity.)
And if you really subscribe to the idea that dreams are a reflection of a face looking at itself, which many non-religious individuals do, it’s easy to remark “Ah yes, I used to be afraid of judgment before I left organized religion.” The fear of judgment is still there, but instead of working for the judgment is positive, it can be more relaxing to work that the judgment just won’t happen. Both are acts of faith; both with either be judged or not. We’ll all see how it plays out.
And this isn’t Sin as defined in a White-Nationalistic-Conservative-Republican-American-Christianity-Ten-Commandments kind of definition. This is Sin meaning everything that is broken and perverted and bent out of shape and wrong and corrupt and evil and bad. And you know it when you see it because it sucks and is the worst and it’s what you complain about and makes you mad and whips you into a frenzy and astonishes you and you can’t believe it and it hurts so much and it’s every lonely night, every misunderstood conversation, every- yes it’s true- waiting in stand-still traffic frustrated and honked at, and everything from tsunamis to ticks to corporate exploitation to objectification to political and personal wrongdoing. You know exactly what it is. You, like me, have first-hand experience suffering from it as well as dishing it out.
I am still very very blessed because I am rich-person poor. I have my own car and an iPhone and go out to eat, I just have to work really hard to justify the money I spend because it comes and goes so quickly, and I seldom hangout in quadruple digits, it’s usually low triples.
See: all the aforementioned everything that causes suffering in our daily lives.